Early African Societies Essay - 933 Words

The beginning of time has always played a major role in history. The beginning of time explains the reasons for each and every creature, plant, and unexplainable phenomena that have occurred on this earth. Chapter one of World History: A Topical Approach primarily explains to the reader the different arguments that people believe are true. There are many claims that scientist have found to be very true, but then there are others who believe in a phenomenon quite different. Some scientists date the beginning of existence as far as twenty billion years ago, but there are others who believe that the world is really not that old. Human existence has taken its toll upon many great researchers who have searched to understand human ancestry. It†¦show more content†¦Even the book itself states that prior to Homo erectus, all hominids were found in Africa, the cradle of human evolution. Darwin even targeted Africa as the birthplace of human existence. In terms of the missing link, th e first set of finds came from England, whose nearest non-human relatives were from Africa. So everything that deals with the human existence relates back to Africa. This series of studies makes you stop and think. Maybe our race was here first, and as time went on different shades of colors were introduced. The many different shades of color moved to different regions of the world to start their own culture and develop a civilization. There are many different aspects of taking the development of the human existence. Some people believe it originated in Europe and others believe something different. Who is to say who is right and wrong? No one can judge just by the scientific facts that are presented within this text. The search for this knowledge of human existence is only so close. People might even have to look to a higher source for this means of knowledge. In other words, the only being that would know the answer to all the questions is God. But until then, we must lean on the shoulders of our own people to seek the knowledge for which we are looking. The earliest civilizations have taught philosophers about many cultures. As people began to settleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes And His Views On Early 20th Century African American Society Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2016 Langston Hughes and His Views on Early 20th-Century African American Society When African American slaves were released from slavery following the American Civil War, the ethnic group was now able to control their own lives, and the U.S had to acknowledge their freedoms and rights as American citizens. However, despite bold beliefs from the war, many white Americans still continued to deny equality to those of color. 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These gaps of ideas can separate many groups of people, if one group were

Cancer Is A Word That Most Everyone Fears. It Affects...

Cancer is a word that most everyone fears. It affects millions of lives on an everyday basis. However, breast cancer seems to grab more attention due to its recurrence. According to an article in Opposing Viewpoints, breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. Breast cancer is highly common amongst today’s society, and has sparked much research in the medical field worldwide. Contrary to popular belief, breast cancer is not a modern illness, regardless of its widespread awareness. Accounts of breast cancer have, in fact, been traced all the way back to ancient times. The earliest recording was in 3000 BC, via the Edwin Smith Papyrus. The document is an excerpt of an Egyptian†¦show more content†¦Later, Greek physician Galen developed a similar opinion about breast cancer. He agreed with Hippocrates’ suggestions, but added that some tumors were more critical than others. As far as treatment was concerned, among his recommendations were opium, castor oil, licorice, Sulphur, and salves, since surgery was not an option then (Mandal, 2017). During the 1600s and 1700s, physicians who studied the disease developed more updated theories about what was causing the untreatable condition. A French physician named Francois de la Boe Sylvius imposed that breast cancer â€Å"came from a chemical process that transformed lymphatic fluids from acidic to acrid† in 1680 (Mandal, 2017). Among other theories of that time period was that of Bernardino Ramazzini, who formulated through a study of nuns, that breast cancer was a product of lack of sex. The idea was that a lack of routine sexual activity, breasts could develop malignant tumors, hence breast cancer. While many wild proposals about the formation of the disease flourished, there was still no advancements in treating it. It wasn’t until the mid-nineteenth century that enough was learned about it to start treating it with surgery. Treatment of breast cancer has made astounding progression over the years. In the mid-19th century, anesthesia, blood transfusions, and antiseptic development made surgeries for cases such as breast cancer more plausible and useful for treatment. Now, in presentShow MoreRelatedCancer And Its Effects On Society1673 Words   |  7 PagesCancer Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its frequency continues to rise. Each year 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from the disease (Neal Megahan). More than half of the people that discover they are diagnose with cancer, eventually die from this disease. Cancer is a prevailing issue that needs to be further studied because of how it affects individuals psychologically, physically, and its impacts on daily life. 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Growing up, I was constantly advised that, â€Å"Drugs are bad for you and it will ruin your life,† over and over again but it became more intense as I entered high school.   As a child, I didn tRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Stars By John Green2013 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Green describes the hardships, endless love, and a tragedy, that two teenagers must push through to find their forever. Hazel Lancaster, an intelligent, aware, and selfless young girl, has struggled with cancer since the early age of thirteen. Augustus Waters, a smart, metaphor loving, cancer stricken kid, falls completely in love with Hazel Grace, but a great misfortune cuts their time together short. â€Å"Some infinities are bigger than other infinities (Green, 260).† Both Hazel and Gus learn to appreciate

Hamlet Revenge and Procrastination Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Revenge and Procrastination Essay William Shakespeare, perhaps the greatest playwright of all time, authored a number of works consisting of sonnets, comedies, and tragedies. In his brilliant career, Shakespeare created literary works of art. What makes Shakespeare unlike any other writer of his time, or thereafter, is his ability to organize a realistic plot, manage themes, and develop characters within his works. As well, Shakespeares ability to provoke feeling and reaction to his writing is also what sets him apart from other common writers. Of his works, Hamlet is perhaps the most studied and most intriguing of the collected tragedies. In this play, many audiences and critics question the actions of the characters and particularly the actions of Hamlet. The answer to: Why does Hamlet delay in avenging the death of his father? is one that is not easy to identify. Possible conclusions include the role of others in Hamlet, Hamlets religious nature, or even Hamlets tragic flaw as a hero in Hamlet. In addition to the tragedy of human spirit, destiny, or the hero, Hamlet was written as a tragedy of conflict. In a close examination of the conflict of tragedy theme, there are two distinguishable types. The first involves the external conflicts; these often include elements such as antagonists, character foils, and other minor characters. The second involves the internal conflicts including self, morality, and justice. This internal type of conflict is the basis for Hamlet and the characters consequently tragic commission of a procrastinatic tragic hero. Together, both internal and external conflicts, if, when managed adequately, may be used as a measure for success in relation to overall effectiveness, as demonstrated in Hamlet. Why, here are some eight violent deaths, not to speak of adultery, a ghost, a mad woman, and a fight in a grave! In a few short words, the preceding quote is somewhat true; however, it only describes the plot. The focus of Hamlet as it relates to the human condition is dependent on character. It is often argued that Hamlet was written as a tragedy of the human spirit. Others argue that it is a tragedy of destiny, or the hero. At any rate, during the time of the Elizabethan era, it was entertainment. However, William Shakespeare exceeded the obvious entertainment endeavour, and achieved almost every writers natural quest: reflection from the audience. This reflection is perhaps a measure for all writers, provided that it is an audience whom the work is for. In almost every heros quest for the truth, none is more apparent than that of young Hamlet. This search for truth is borne of the passing of young Hamlets father. It is at the critical moment of revelation by the Ghost of Hamlet that young Hamlet is destined for revenge. Although the concept of revenge may be considered an evil justice, it is evident that the importance here lay within the context of carrying out the fate. But why in the world did not Hamlet obey the Ghost at once, and so save seven of those eight lives? In a more appropriate sense, the question becomes: When will Hamlet kill Claudius to avenge the death of his father? The how and when of this vengeance becomes increasingly critical in the development of Hamlet the character as opposed to Hamlet the play. To fully comprehend the true essence of Hamlet as a son, a discoverer, and a destroyer, one must analyze each individual characteristic as revealed to the audience by Shakespeare. Incredibly, it is because of Shakespeares, perhaps unknowing consideration for the audience that reveals much about the characters in Hamlet, or any other play written by him for that matter. It wa s not enough that Shakespeare just wrote the play, he also emphasized the characters thoughts and emotions through the soliloquies. .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .postImageUrl , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:hover , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:visited , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:active { border:0!important; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:active , .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2 .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub42404263362bd2fd095922f9bc747c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racism In America Today Essay In fact, the whole idea of drama is to feel, to an extent, what the character feels. This premise should not be mistaken, in that the actors of the play ultimately have the greatest influence on the dramatic emphasis of certain words, or actions. However, in Hamlet, the use of the soliloquy offers the audience a gateway into the minds of the characters, and in this case the various reasons .

Reasons why Constantine favored Christianity

Introduction There are numerous reasons why Constantine decided to favor Christianity. These incorporate political and military aspects as will be discussed later in this paper. Other reasons were principally personal since they were not politically motivated. First, it is important to the political grounds, which Constantine enjoyed while he was still in power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons why Constantine favored Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since people from the East had divided themselves from the West, the empire needed to handle the situation as soon as possible. Solving the problem would ensure smooth operation of the empire1. Some divisions existed in the armed forces since most of the soldiers were actively involved in politics. Constantine was believed to be emotionally and spiritually attached to the Christians after he won the political and military war. Major Arguments It i s vital to recognize the difficult political grounds that Constantine was getting into. Soldiers decided to take control of the empire after his father had died. On the other hand, he had taken control of Britain, Gaul and Spain. Maxentius decided to go for Italy and most parts of Africa. Besides, numerous people with senior positions in the empire were also implicated in the political fight.2 To clearly explain the reasons why Constantine supported Christianity, this paper is majorly going to put more focus on the rivalry between Constantine and Maxentius (Gregory 53). He was the ruler of the western side while Maxentius was controlling the people on the eastern side. After a couple of years of political chaos, he was forced to make an important decision. He decided to ratify some accord with co-empire, Licinius, after which he moved to Italy with his thirty thousand troops to fight Maxentius. After a lengthy fight, he managed to win the battle and took control of Rome.3 Consequent ly, Constantine was crowned the royal leader of both east and West Empires. Even after taking control of the empire, he was still in trouble since he needed the support of the local people to protect his position. He could successfully achieve this by working closely with the already existing organizations that were able to obtain strong support from the civil population (Hinson 242). The only available organizations that could successfully obtain support from the local population were military and religion. He achieved his mission through taking control of the soldiers and suppressing some units faithful to Maxentius.4 Thus religion was the only alternative for him to gain support of his people. Consequently, this is how Christian community started dominating the entire empire. Besides, this is how the above discussed battle is relevant to the topic.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is believed that before he went to the battlefield, he had an encounter with Christ in his dream. Additionally, it is alleged that Christ ordered him to put some mark on the army shields. At some point, before they went to fight, Constantine and his soldiers were surprised when they saw a symbol of a cross above the sky with some writings indicating that he was a conqueror. Actually, this happened at the time when he and the soldiers were holding some prayers to their god. The same night they were holding their prayers; Christ came to him and ordered him to paint the weapons they were using with a symbol of a cross. According to Christian Forum, the symbol was portrayed as the Labarum. This name (Labarum) had a well recognized significance in the early church. It is alleged that this name Labarum was derived from the word Christ by the ancient people. Additionally, other people believed that the name and nature of the symbol looked like a repeat of double-axe. This (doubl e-axe) was a representation of a prehistoric cult called Zeus. Even though there were some controversies about the meaning of that symbol, it was later accepted universally by Christians. This is obviously evident when Julian decided to do away with it. Consequently, it is possible to connect Constantine’s triumph with his vision of connecting Christ with an image that was universally accepted by the Christian community.5 According to the discovery, it is possible to conclude that Constantine characterized his triumph to Christ. Military and political aspects in this paper have been connected to religious convictions by studying Constantine’s vision, which links Christ and Labarum. Although he was well conversant with the principles of the Christian community, he started observing Christians in a different way. Besides, a number of theologians were not certain when they used to regard him as a Christian. According to Christian Forum, Constantine was aware that the Chri stian God was more powerful than other gods thus he started thinking of how to come close to God. Consequently, he believed that God would give him protection and support. Through the support from God, he would successfully rule the empire. Constantine mistakenly believed that Sol Invictus was the god being worshiped by the Christian community. After some period of time in this confusion, he was able to grasp and understand some characteristics of Christian doctrine. This could be realized through some of his actions and what he used to say about Christians.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons why Constantine favored Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The changes discussed above seemed to have happened immediately after his victory in the fight against Maxentius. Conversely, some changes took time before they were felt. They were only realized at the time when his rule of the empire could not be c onfronted by the enemies. Additionally, the changes were evident when he started to ignore the usual ceremonies that were being held by the pagans. Consequently, he started attending Christian prayers and celebrations. He also participated in the prayers which were being held to his father’s God. He also promised to protect the Christian community living in both eastern and western sides of his empire. Constantine welcomed the idea brought up by Christians that he could praise their God. According to Christians, he was to be the servant of God. Moreover, he was to stop the frequent harassments, and change the empire to be a better place. According to Hanna, his spirituality also revealed that he was called by God to come and free and bring back the empire to its normal state.6 He understood the Christian principle since he was able to realize that the only way to achieve your goals is to praise and believe in one true God. Conversely, the belief that his achievements were as a result of being friends with God seemed to be real. His decision to change to Christianity could now be universally acknowledged. Constantine started making life significantly more complicated for those people who were not Christians. Additionally, he openly started supporting Christianity and the Christian community. He used his power to criticize the beliefs and practices of non Christians and encouraged the entire empire to follow Christian beliefs and practices. He became generous to the Christian churches by providing them with gifts. He also actively contributed in the construction of Christian churches. For instance, he financed the construction of the St. Johns Lateran church. Besides, the priests were given legal freedom of speech and movement. Before taking control of the empire, Christian’s leaders were being targeted with their property and civil rights taken way. At this point, it is apparent that he was supporting the Christian community and all the suppressio ns they had been experiencing were coming to an end.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also wanted every man in his empire to adore the true God. Constantine was able to stop various sacrifices, which were earlier made at the temples. This brought a massive change to the empire.7 Before Constantine took control of the empire, pagans and Christians were given equal treatment. Things later changed after he was crowned the ruler of the empire. Moreover, Christianity dominated the entire empire. At this time, paganism came to an end and Christianity was the main attractive option. Most people opted to be Christians because they could live a better life compared to those who were pagans. Unlike other religions, Christianity was open to everyone thus a lot of people started changing their opinions and beliefs to match that of Christianity. According to Neusner, Constantine supported Christianity because he wanted a religion with more powers, hopes and a religion that would provide the empire with the required security.8 Consequently, Christianity was the only religion th at could meet all these requirements. Besides, it was the only available religion that could easily be accepted by most people. Though, this decision was not politically motivated, it was majorly based on personal account. At the end, Christians had constructed their own government that brought together the priests and believers in the empire. The other cults were suppressed and could not organize themselves in the same manner. Conclusively, Constantine favored Christianity and the Christian community because of his individual faith in God.9 This took place following the military and political take over. Conclusion Evidently, there are various reasons why Constantine decided to favor Christianity. For instance, political and military aspects are some of the major reasons. Other reasons were mainly personal. His decisions to support Christianity and the Christian community were not politically motivated. Conclusively, Constantine welcomed the idea brought up by Christians to praise t heir God. In regard to Christians, he was to be the servant of God. Concurrently, he was to stop the frequent harassments and change the empire to be a better place as argued earlier. Bibliography Christian Forum. Why did Constantine favor Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Gregory, Timothy. A History of Byzantium. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Hanna Harvey. Why did Constantine favor the Christian Church? 2011. London: Routledge, 2012. Hinson, E. The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300. Macon, GA Mercer Univ. Press, 1995. Neusner, Jacob. Judaism and Christianity in the Age of Constantine: History, Messiah, Israel, and the Initial Confrontation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Robert, Dana. Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Footnotes 1 Hinson, Gregory. The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300 (Macon, GA: Mercer Univ. Press, 1995), 53. 2 Hinson, Greg ory. The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300 (Macon, GA: Mercer Univ. Press, 1995), 53. 3 Dana Robert. Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion (Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011), 248. 4 Dana Robert. Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion (Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011). 5 Forum, Christian Why did Constantine favor Christianity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 56. 6 Harvey, Hanna. Why did Constantine favor the Christian Church? 2011 (London: Routledge, 2012), 67. 7 Timothy, Gregory. A History of Byzantium (Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011), 98. 8 Jacob, Neusner. Judaism and Christianity in the Age of Constantine: History, Messiah, Israel, and the Initial Confrontation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 35. 9 Forum, Christian Why did Constantine favor Christianity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007). This essay on Reasons why Constantine favored Christianity was written and submitted by user Sp1der-Ham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alice Walker and The Color Purple Essay Example

Alice Walker and The Color Purple Essay The book â€Å"The Color Purple† is a story of how two sisters although living completely different lives in way different parts of the world kept a healthy relationship. This story was written by Alice Walker. One of the sisters is named Celie and the first half of the book or so is letters with whats happening in her life where she is writing to God. The other half of the book her and her sister Nettie are writing letters to each other trying to keep a healthy relationship with each other. Although there lives busy they try to keep as healthy a relationship as possible. The first half of the book or so where Celie is writing to God she basically is just ranting to him and saying what it really means to be a young black woman in her time. Which involved pointless marriage,being beaten, being treated unfairly, and in her case being as dumb as a bag of rocks. She wasnt very educated, she had a lack of keeping information in once heard about it. Her sister Nettie on the other hand was really smart and a had a well founded education. There mom had passed away and they were living with what they thought was there papa for years. One day though a no name mister came to the house in search of a wife and although Celie wasnt very smart nor pretty she had what it took to be a housewife and thats exactly what Mr.___ was in search of. So Mr.___ took Celie as his wife and she left with him that day and went to live with him, this is when Nettie and her lost contact for awhile. This was only because Mr.___ was keeping Nettie’s letters from Celie, Nettie e nded up being a missionary with her husband in Africa and constantly wrote to Celie. Celie’s husband Mr.___ would beat her if she did wrong and always told her what was right in his mind, He was more of a commander than a husband. He had children and they were a mess, it was now Nettie’s job to upkeep the children and get them ready for school in the morning. It was also her job to cook We will write a custom essay sample on Alice Walker and The Color Purple specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Alice Walker and The Color Purple specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Alice Walker and The Color Purple specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The History of the Drug Krokodil

The History of the Drug Krokodil Krokodil is the street name for desomorphine an opiate-like drug similar to and a substitute for heroin used by addicts. Krokodil or desomorphine began its history as a patented drug. US patent 1980972 was issued to chemist, Lyndon Frederick Small for a Morphine Derivative and Processes on November 13, 1934. The drug was briefly manufactured and marketed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche under the brand name of Permonid but was abandoned as a commercial product for its short shelf life and highly addictive nature. In the early 2000s, the drug resurfaced in Russia as krokodil, a home-brewed heroin substitute that takes about thirty minutes to manufacture from codeine pills and other substances. The home brewing of this drug includes the inclusion of impurities and toxic substances that have lead to some horrific consequences for users. Krokodil (Russian for crocodile) is named after one of the drugs major side effect, the greenish and scaly appearance of the damaged and rotting skin of users. Take one look at this Huffington Post video report and youll be quickly convinced never to try this drug. If You Dont Want It - Recycled Patents Many illicit street drugs (and even semi-legal ones) have had their origins in legitimate research done by pharmaceutical companies, research that has even resulted in patents being issued. For example, organic chemist John Huffman was the unwitting inventor of a synthetic version of marijuana. A few enterprising individuals read John Huffmans research on synthetic cannabinoids and began manufacturing and selling synthetic marijuana products such as Spice. These products were legal for a short spell of time, however, in most places they are no longer legal. Another popular street drug is MDMA or Molly as it is now called. The original formula for Molly was patented in 1913 by Merck, a German chemical company. Molly was intended to be a diet pill, however, Merck decided against marketing the drug and abandoned it. MDMA was made illegal in 1983, seventy years after it was originally invented. Heroin was once a registered trademark belonging to Bayer, the same folks that invented aspirin. A method of manufacturing heroin from the opium poppy was developed in 1874, as a substitute for morphine, and believe or not was used as a cough suppressant. The mind-bending psychedelic drug LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann while working for Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. Until 1914, cocaine was legal and even an ingredient in the soft drink Coca-Cola. The method of manufacturing cocaine from the coca leaf was invented in the 1860s. Lyndon Frederick Small 1897- 1957 A 1931 Time Magazine article discusses the work of Frederick Small Lyndon in relation to the growing opiate epidemic in the United States. ....the Bureau of Social Hygiene gave the National Research Council funds for a study of drug addiction and the invention of a drug which would do for medicine everything which the habit-forming drugs do, yet not cause habit itself. Such a harmless, beneficial drug would make the manufacture of the baneful drugs needless. Then they could be completely suppressed. Council discovered Dr. Lyndon Frederick Small, just returned from two years of study in Europe, at the University of Virginia and financed a special laboratory for him. Out of a coal tar product called phenanthrene he has synthesized several drugs which closely resemble the chemical structure and physiological action of morphine. He sends them to Professor Charles Wallis Edmunds of the University of Michigan who tests them on animals. The two are confident that within perhaps a few months they will have an authentic drug which will not make, as morphine, heroin and opium do, pasty-faced, emaciated, depraved liars, out of its users.

Investment case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investment case - Essay Example 45). Some of the skills required in order to manage a car rental company are decision making skills, good communication skills and professional appearance. Rental purposes –The manager is able to offer rental services to clients who want to use car for a specific duration or travel for long distances. The cars that are allocated for rental purposes should be heavy duty vehicles or four wheel drive vehicles like Land cruiser, Range Rover and Jeep. This are quite effective for long distances and are quite comfortable. This types of vehicles can attract a wide range of customers. Airport purposes- The manager of a car rental business is able to allocate some cars to offers transport for clients that arrive into the country and want transport. The types of cars that should be at the airport should be ostentatious so that they can attract customers. The type of car that can be used at the airport include Mercedes Benz and New models of Toyota. The drivers should also be dressed in a proper manner and should be able to communicate with the customers very well. Daily activities – The manager of the car rental service can offer services for clients that need their services within the town center. VOGEL (2000) asserts that most of the clients that use the car rental service in their daily activities should be regular clients for this service (Pg 54). This will mainly look for a specific group for example employees that work in a specific firm. Security services - The manager for the car rental services can offer some of the vehicles to be used for security services . Some of the vehicles can be used such as jeeps and Land cruiser. This car will be effective in offering security services to different clients. I believe that car rental service is a plausible investment that can make me a lot of money. If I can concentrate more on the two core markets include the tourist market and the business market, I will be able to get good returns . There is

Asignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asignment 5 - Essay Example Formatting the proposal letter would also include including final remarks and salutations at the end. For instance, I would conclude the letter by writing ‘yours in service’ followed by restating my position within Artifice and signature. In addition, I would conclude the letter by restating the topic and emphasizing on ethical advantages of joining corporate responsibility officer association. The aforementioned essentials are imperious in maintaining professionalism and avoidance of questions regarding potential mistakes (Anderson 625). I would also ensure that I always restate theme of the proposal letter throughout the essay. Repetition of fundamental points in a proposal letter is essential in reminding readers and audience of its intent. In addition, restating subject of the letter would help sustain patience and provoke readers’ meditation over topic in question. It would also be imperious to employ emotional and present tense language besides using general pronouns. Emotionally persuasive language would entail reminding listeners and readers that they remain fundamental decision makers to whether Artifice would join corporate responsibility officer association. For instance, I would start the initial sentence by writing that ‘I am writing to propose that we as loyal and committed members of Artifice Incorporation join CROA’. It would also be essential to correct grammatical mistakes within the letter for example change Artifice Incorporated to Artifice

Business News Event - Article Summaries Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business News Event - Summaries - Article Example In this article, the strategies that Samsung pursues to attain competitive edge together with the challenges and threats facing the company have been enumerated. The strengths and strategies of the competitors like apple, Nokia and Motorola have also been highlighted. The article will however be used in identifying some of the management concepts and elements that Samsung engaged in to make its products remain relevant in the market where consumer preference determines success. In this article, the management of Samsung recognizes the need to employ foreigners to help in the development of software for their handset. The company targeted the highly talented professionals from India and other nations who were ready and willing to offer their services to improve the quality of the handsets and products that were manufactured. Moreover, this would be a deviation from the company norms and culture whereby the company employees were entirely locals. Organization culture forms an important concept in the operations of businesses and the manner in which businesses conduct their activities (Treat 86). Organization culture is important for branding, identification, and history. It has often been used in developing strategies meant to ensure organization successfully markets its products. From the article, it is clear that managing competition requires high level of flexibility and breaking of organizations norms (KIM 25). Competition determines how management will conduct business and set their prices. Quality must be improved in a bid to ensure that customers prefer a company’s products more than those of competitors. Managing competition therefore requires the commitment of the managers and other important business stakeholders. In the case of Samsung, the company management had to act at the fastest time possible to have the company embrace competition in a the free market. Another management concept that can be learnt from the article is change management. Ch ange can be defines as the alteration of the status quo i.e. making adopting new ways and methods of doing things. In the business scenario, companies have to continuously conduct environmental scan in which they attempt to predict the possible changes in the environment and analyze the impact of such environmental factors on the business performance and operations (KIM 26). Companies that are able to accurately forecast on the possible changes in the environment and formulate policies that may assist in ensuring that the business is not adversely affected will always be in a position to survive and maintain desired growth. From the article, Samsung as a company has been in a position to realize the need to change some of the fundamentals that are necessary in ensuring it enhance efficiency and promote customer satisfaction. The company was in a position to predict the shifts in the market tastes and preferences by the development of smart phones and iPhones. Samsung realized the ne ed to have them change their employee base by employing and engaging employees who are foreigners (Treat 89). The company further went ahead to accept completely adopt new ways of conducting business without really remaining fixed on the mode of their operations. In addition, Samsung increased its investment in research and development in order to support the development of

Film Analysis Of Double Indemnity Film Studies Essay

Film Analysis Of Double Indemnity Film Studies Essay From the moment they met, it was murder! This is the legendary tag line for Billy Wilders most incisive film noir, Double Indemnity, even though in 1944, when it was first released in New York on September 11, critics called it a melodrama, a elongated dose of premeditated suspense, with a pragmatism evocative of earlier period French films [poetic realism of the 1930s], with characters as rough, solid and inflexible as steel. Even though James M. Cain is accredited as the original novel and Raymond Chandler and Billy Wilder contribute to screenplay credit, the film is in fact based on the case of Ruth Snyder, a criminal murderess who breathed her last breath in the electric chair on January 13, 1928. Supported by Miklos Rozsas throbbing film score and John Seitzs expressionistic black-and-white camera work, Wilder had no valid idea he was filming in a technique called noir; he found out about this many years later, to his great astonishment. In Double Indemnity, Walter Neff (Fred MacMurray), a to some extent cute but dim insurance agent, becomes prey to the charms of a flirtatious blonde, Phyllis Dietrieckson. (Barbara Stanwyck), an anklet-sporting femme fatale/housewife. She plots to kill her husband in a railroad mishap that would bring her a double indemnity insurance imbursement. What makes this film a wonderful case in point of the culture and style of film noir is that, as stated by the movie production convention of the period, jealousy becomes a part of Walters relationship with Phyllis after he does the crime. Thinking she has an additional, much younger admirer, he murders her in a rage of jealousy, then in all probability bleeds to death from a shot fired by the perishing Phyllis, having first relegated the complete story of the film in a two-hour flashback. (In the new novel, Walter and Phyllis go off jointly on a journey, happily back together.) in accordance with with the crime doesnt pay principles of the era, Billy Wilder even added a shot of Neff dying in the San Quentin gas chamber, but thought the film looked better with the film concluding as Neff hears the wails of police and/or ambulance sirens approaching. Double Indemnity is the most excellent example of a noir film to date: rough as sandpaper, with acerbic, wrenching dialogue and practical sets. Watch Walter and Phyllis as they get together in a luminous white southern California superstore, sporting dark glasses, not shopping or still watching each other while plotting up plans for a homicide. And those magnificent lines: Yes, I killed him for money and for a woman. I didnt get the money and I didnt get the woman. Pretty, isnt it?, There was no way in the world I may perhaps have known that murder occasionally can smell like honeysuckle, or I couldnt hear my footsteps. It was the walk of a dead man,. Double Indemnity moreover has a homoerotic bond between Walter Neff and Barton Keyes (Edward G. Robinson), the claims examiner who believes Phyllis, but not Walter, of the crime. Wilder underplayed the father-son relationship in addition to the police routine constituent that could have made his film a detective tale more willingly than a twisty noir, which is what it in actuality is. Wilder took the focal point off Robinsons role and cultivated his viewpoint, in disparity to the many detective films of the age that instigated in novels of Raymond Chandler, his co-conspirator. By modeling Double Indemnity into a homicidal melodrama with sexual insinuations, Wilder produced a rational crime accomplishment. The Book and The Film Wilders film and Cains novel even supposing it does not credit the book as its source. Body Heat can be expressed as a masquerading or unacknowledged remake, a film that repeats basic story units from the Cain novel (and Wilder adaptation) but changes the details of its name, location, period, character names and the those like it. For want of a screen credit recognizing the source property, the remake becomes a hypothetical construct or role of the films production and response. Imperative here is Cains standing, and the untimely 1980s revitalization of notice in Cains work, nevertheless more important is Double Indemnitys advantaged place in the noir principle. A small number would refute that Double Indemnity is a perfect film noir and one of the most significant movies in Hollywood history. It was an unconventional film, challenging almost a decade of Production Code battles to Cains literature. Frank Krutnik in the same way declares that Double Indemnity was traditionally signif icant in the growth of the 1940s erotic crime thriller, setting up through its depiction of the Cain tale a model for the story structures of following film noirs. Lately, Brian De Palma (whose reverence to Alfred Hitchcock are well known) has paid compliment to film noir, by the opening scene in Femme Fatale (2002) with the title character, Laure Ash (Rebecca Romijn-Stamos), mirrored in a hotel room television screen as she gazes at the Barbara Stanwyck model in Double Indemnity. These instances of Double Indemnitys repute and standing in film history help make clear why critics such as Leitch openly match up Body Heat to Wilders version, but do not take heed to Double Indemnity had previously been more honestly remade as a lesser-known movie for television, intended for by Jack Smight in 1973. Double Indemnity starts with Walter Neff (Fred MacMurray), bleeding from a bullet wound, stumbling into his office in the Pacific Insurance Building. Neff talks into his dictaphone and his narrative of an unholy love and an just about perfect crime unfurls in flashback. Neff is an insurance salesman who becomes entangled with the beautiful and treacherous Phyllis. Phyllis encourages Walter not only to lend a hand her take out a $100,000 life insurance policy on her spouse, but also to assist her in murdering him. Jointly they simulate Dietrichsons inadvertent death in order to meet the criteria for the double indemnity, but things go awry when Neffs manager, Barton Keyes, starts to infer murder. Neff starts an acquaintance with Phylliss step-daughter Lola, who suspects that Phyllis has started going out with her (Lolas) previous boyfriend Nino Zachetti. Believing he has been deceived, Neff plots a plan to murder Phyllis and trap Zachetti. In an argument in the gloomy, Dietrichson sit ting room, Walter slays Phyllis, but not before she gravely stabs him. Towards the end, the narrative turns back to the current day where the dying Walter is reassured by the paternal Keyes. Even though Wilders Double Indemnity is frequently thought of as the original alongside which Kasdans noir remake is weighed up, Body Heat can more generally be seen as a remaking of Cains composition (or no less than those works by which he is best kept in mind). Some critics go as far as to dispute that Double Indemnity was a case of auto-citation, produced by [Cain] in full familiarity of the fact that he was paying his own homage to [The] Postman: Both tell fundamentally a similar story: an all too obedient male is enchanted by a physically powerful and scheming lady. With her inspiring it and with him ironing out of the details, the disloyal couple carry out a perfect murder of the womans husband. Afterward, when they are practically free, providence (or irony) swipes them with its gigantic lumbering paw and they are given their just desserts but for different reasons. Such an association makes possible for one to recognize noir essentials for example the hard-boiled conversation and portrayal of bare (and graphic) animal covetousness that are universal to both The Postman and Double Indemnity. For example, Body Heat is considered for dialogue for example Neds You shouldnt wear that body, and Mattys Youre not too smart, are you? I like that in a man. On the other hand, at an even higher plane of generalization, it can be said that Body Heat at the same time refers to and remakes the noir genre to which its intertexts belong. Film Noir For a moment or two, both the problem movies and the semi documentary crime thrillers made it appear that Italian neorealism had established a habitat in an anxious, if prosperous, America. One of the preeminent things that is taking place in Hollywood is the propensity to move out of the placeto support imaginary pictures on information and, more significantly, to shoot them not in decorated studio sets but in authentic places. But an additional assortment of postwar American film, one which was dependent on the restricted environment of the studio on top of bona fide locations for its representation of the sordid underbelly of American life, soon became apparent. This was film noir (more exactly, black film), invented and named by French critics in 1946 when, experiencing American motion pictures for the first time ever since 1940, they alleged a weird and wonderful new mood of cynicism, dimness, and depression in definite crime films and melodramas. They came up with the term from the Serie Noire detective pulp fiction books then all the rage in France, many of which were renditions of works by members of the hard-boiled genre of American crime authorsDashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and James M. Cain (afterward coupled by Mickey Spillane, Horace McCoy, and Jim Thompson)whose books were also recurrently tailored in films noir. In the vein of the novels, these films were set apart by a subdued atmosphere and realistic violence, and they presented postwar American cynicism to the extent of nihilism by presuming the total and hopeless corruption of society and of everyone in it. Billy Wilders acidic Double Indemnity (1944), which shocked Hollywood in the year of its release and was just about banned by the authorities, may be considered as the archetype for film noir, even though some critics trace the origins back to such rough but significantly less pessimistic films as This Gun for Hire, High Sierra, The Maltese Falcon, and Stranger on the Third Floor. Mo dified by Wilder and Raymond Chandler from a James M. Cain novel, Double Indemnity is the squalid story of a Los Angeles insurance agent (Fred MacMurray) sexually ensnared by a clients wife into killing off her husband for his death reimbursement; it has been declared a film without a solitary trace of compassion or love. Without a doubt, these are characters remarkably missing from all films noir, as conceivably they seemed not present from the postwar America which created them. Like Double Indemnity, these films succeeded upon the unembellished interpretation of greed, desire, and unkindness because their fundamental theme was the profundity of human immorality and the absolutely unheroic character of human beingslessons that were almost not taught but without doubt re-emphasized by the one of its kind horrors of World War II. Nearly everyone of the dark films of the late forties take the structure of crime melodramas for the reason that (as Dostoevsky and Dickens recognize) the devices of crime and criminal detection afford an ideal metaphor for dishonesty that cuts across conformist moral classes. These films are frequently set in southern Californiathe geographical archetype for a social order in which the breach between anticipation and reality is determined through mass hallucination. The cent ral characters are regularly unfeeling antiheroes who chase their foundation designs or basically drift aimlessly from side to side in sinister night worlds of the metropolitan American harsh world, but they are even more frequently decent people trapped in traps set for them by a crooked social order. In this concluding sense, film noir was immeasurably a cinema of moral nervousness of the kind experienced at various times in postwar Eastern Europe, most lately in Poland at the pinnacle of the Solidarity groupi.e., a cinema about the environments of life enforced on truthful people in a untruthful, self-deluding society. The moral unsteadiness of this world was rendered into a visual style by the expert noir cinematographers John Alton, Nicholas Musuraca, John F. Seitz, Lee Garmes, Tony Gaudio, Sol Polito, Ernest Haller, Lucien Ballard, and James Wong Howe. These technical masters turned into moral vagueness obviously real through what has been called anti conventional cinematography. The method incorporated the all-encompassing use of wide-angle lenses, allowing even more and greater depth of field but causing animated deformation in close-ups; inconspicuous lighting and night-for-night filming (that is, essentially shooting night scenes at nighttime more willingly than in bright daylight with dark filters), both of which produce ruthless contrasts between the light and dark spheres of the frame, with dark outweighing, to match the moral disorder of the world; and pointed, unnatural set-ups. If all of this spears to be suggestive of the artificial studio modus operandi of German Expressionism, it ou ght to, for the reason thatlike the Universal horror phase of the thirtiesfilm noir was fashioned to a large degree by German and Eastern European migrs, a lot of of whom had gained their basic training at UFA in the twenties and near the beginning of the thirties. The noir directors Lang, Siodmak, Wilder, Preminger, Brahm, Litvak, Ophls, Dieterle, Sirk, Ulmer, and Bernhardt; the director-cinematographer Rudolph Mat; the cinematographers Karl Freund and John Alton; and the musicians Franz Waxman and Max Steiner had all been linked with or inclined by the UFA studio technique. On the other hand, given its subject matter, film noir could barely break out of the general pragmatic predisposition of the postwar cinema, and noir directors recurrently shot outside shots on location. Such wartime modernizations as slighter camera dollies and moveable power packs, higher speed lenses and additionally sensitive, fine-grain film rolls cut down the logistics of position shooting and aided to generate for film noir a nearly standardized visual method. For this motive, it has become trendy to discuss film noir as a category (some consider it is a genre) of idealistic or expressive pragmatism; but its inheritance includes such a wide variety of cultural influencesGerman Expressionism and shock exploitation, American gangster movies from the thirties, Sternbergian exoticism and self-indulgence, the graceful pragmatism of Carn, the case-hardened institution of American fiction, the forties cultural significance and fame of Freud, postwar American disenchantment (particula rly a sagacity of sexual betrayal amongst GIs coming back home) and the flourish of cinematic practicality it created, cold war mistrust, and for sure, Citizen Kane that it is probably better to typify it as a cycle to a certain extent than to draw up the boundaries too rigidly. Double Indemnity (1944), d. Billy Wilder, Paramount, 107min., bw, sc. Billy Wilder and Raymond Chandler from the novel by James M. Cain, ph. John Seitz, m. Miklos Rozsa, v. MCA.

Pepsin and Protein Essay -- Papers

Pepsin and Protein Question Is the rate at which Pepsin digests protein affected by temperature? Prediction I predict that it is affected by temperature. The optimum temperature will be between 30 °C and 40 °C. This is because the average human body temperature is 37 °C. At 0-20 °C (which includes the groups 0-10 and 10-20) the pepsin will not digest the protein for a long time. This is because it is a too cold environment for the enzyme to work most effectively and quickly. At 20-30 °C the pepsin will work slightly more quickly than at 0-20, but not as well as at 30-40, because it is reaching the optimum temperature, though it is not quite there yet. At the higher temperatures (i.e. 40-70 °C) the enzymes will not work as well. You may think that, using the pattern up to 30-40 °C, the higher the temperature, the quicker pepsin works. But this is not the case because when it gets too hot, the enzymes start to lose their shape. Enzymes use a very precise "lock and key" method to digest food. For example pepsin, which is a protease enzyme, has a shape exclusive for digesting protein molecules, and as soon as it changes its shape (in this case due to heat) it cannot digest the molecule it was originally designed to digest. Once it has changed shape it cannot change back again. The "lock and key" is demonstrated below with diagrams. The pepsin molecule locks onto the Glucose molecules are very glucose molecule and breaks it complex but they still need down into smaller particles. specially designed enzymes that fit the molecules perfectly to break them down. If the temperature is too high and the enzyme changes ... ...ironment pepsin works quickest in. (see prediction). The independent variable will be the temperature range - 0-70 °C in jumps of 10 °C.This is what to change for the investigation. Nothing else must change, because then it would be an unfair test. The dependant variable will be the rate at which pepsin digests the egg white suspension - in other words how long the mixture takes to go clear. This will give you the results. For a fair test the controlled variables will be the amount of egg white suspension (25cm ²), the amount of pepsin (5cm ²) and the amount of hydrochloric acid (5 drops from the pipette) used. Also how often the mixture is checked will be a controlled variable. To make the results as accurate and reliable as possible, each temperature range will be repeated 5 times, and an average will be taken.

Mitch Epstein.A new history of photography Essay

Mitch Epstein Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mitch Epstein acknowledged widely as one of the most distinguished art photographers around the globe, however a whole survey of his art is yet to be published. Mitch Epstein, who is the color photography pioneer and has been making films, photographic books and also pictures for around 35 years. From 1990’s the Vietnam pictures present the artist’s distinctive balance of nuanced wit and formal rigor; and they are clear illustration of what detractor Joanna Lehan refers to Epstein’s â€Å"jaw-dropping color use.† Epstein photographs also are a significant sign in Epstein’s progression as a photographer, a link between Epstein’s early street artistic work and also his huge format work to appear (Moore et al, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pictures in the display are a lyrical odyssey during post war Vietnam. Photographs by Epstein depicts that under beauty there lies violence while under the war remnants is a society struggling with continued censorship and new freedoms. Mitch Epstein visited Vietnam where he made six trips there when the nation began opening its borders around 1992 and 1995 to the outsiders following two decades of separation. He worked together on a book with radical Vietnamese novelist where he was able to get access to the nation that a small number of outsiders had. However, in 1995 Epstein learned that he would be requires to hand over his pictures to the government of Vietnam for censorship. Epstein ended the collaboration due to artistic freedom and his book was published by means of a text by the Vietnamese artist. Epstein photographs are up to now virtually hidden in the nation from which they surfaced, except through the intelligentsia that w ere responsible in smuggling in the book (Frizot, 1998).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The exhibition enlightens an indispensable point in the career of Epstein. The method of the artist became more painterly and deliberate in Vietnam. He revived and mastered the life which was at standstill. His sluggish, gradually formalist approach obviously resulted to 8x 10 view camera that he uses now. Vietnam also marked a new period whereby politics indirectly would, yet considerably have an effect on Epstein’s artistic work. Epstein’s next works all suggest a keen sense of community’s intrigues, just like the Vietnam photographs do. In Vietnam, Family business, American power and The city, Epstein delicately depicts that power of a nation, a patriarch or a city leaves its mark on the public landscape and also in the private lives. In America also Epstein continued with his art of photography where he travelled across the whole nation, making the photographs not just of wind turbines, oil refineries and nuclear r eactors, but also of solar ovens, electric chairs and gas stations (Moore et al, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New work being carried out by Epstein is a sequence of photographs of idiosyncratic trees inhabiting the New York City. These pictures depict the significance of trees to the urban life and also their multifaceted relationship to their human correspondents. The cumulative significance of these photographs is to reverse the individual’s usual perception concerning their city. In this regard the trees do not function as background any longer, and instead control the architecture and human life around the world. Mitch Epstein’s work has influenced many people across the globe and therefore making his artistic work significant to the history of photography (Epstein, 2005). References Epstein, M. (2005). Recreation: American photographs 1973 – 1988 (1. ed.). GoÃÅ'ˆttingen: Steidl. Frizot, M. (1998). A new history of photography. KoÃÅ'ˆln: KoÃÅ'ˆnemann. Moore, K. D., Crump, J., & Rubinfien, L. (2010). Starburst: color photography in America 1970-1980. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz. Source document

How to Write a High School Book Review

How to Write a High School Book Review How to Write a High School Book Review Instructors are fond of assigning book reviews in high school. Most students think that book reviews are some sort of punishment that ensures they read the whole book and write a 500 word critique. However, book reviews are assigned to students so that they can develop a better understanding of the society in which they live and the world at large. How to write a high school book review is a nightmare for most high school students who despise reading, but it does not have to be if one follows some simple rules. First, one must understand the nature of a book review, which is the reader’s reaction to a specific book rather than a simple summarization of the work. A book review involves analyzing the validity of the content, purpose, and organization of the book. There are two basic kinds of book reviews, descriptive and critical. Descriptive book reviews evaluate the pertinent information offered in the book through exposition and description and is couched in the context of literary and historical values. These attributes are then supported by evidence from the work. The writer states and examines the perceived purposes and intentions of the author, often quoting some of the most compelling excerpts from the text in an effort to illustrate a point. However, in most cases, high school students are assigned critical book reviews to complete as part of their literature assignments as opposed to descriptive. In a critical book review, students must be conscious of two requirements. First, students need to be well informed of the work under review. This necessitates that the student understand the author’s purpose and how the sections of work contribute towards the purpose in writing. Gaining a basic knowledge about the author’s life experiences, as well as other works by the author and time period of publication, will often facilitate the student’s ability to understand the influences on the author’s works. Secondly, it is imperative for students to understand the genre of the text. Understanding the book’s genre is simply to be conscious of the art form of the book and utilization of its characteristics. Without knowledge of the genre, students have no literary understanding upon which evaluation s are based. The basics of a book review also include having a sense of what the reader expects to find in the critique. The reader should be able to glean from the critique some understanding of author’s thoughts and intentions without reading the original text. Main events and themes of the book are presented in a coherent and precise manner. Finally, in a review, apart from communicating the author’s purpose, it is prudent for the reviewer to express an opinion about the author’s success in achieving the purpose in writing the book. Students must be certain to provide adequate evidence to support personal opinions. In summary, completing a book review, just like making a book report, requires one to read through the entire text and offer a reaction to the content of the book, as well as its organization and the author’s ability to express ideas in a clear and concise manner. The student will find it helpful to develop and follow an outline as a way to organize ideas in a coherent manner. Finally, the student must spend time revising and proof-reading the critique. Visit to get professional book review help from academic experts who hold Masters and PhD degrees.

War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Essays

War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Essays War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Paper War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Paper War is so omnipresent and commonplace in human history that some scientists even claim that peoples war-proneness could be explained by natural predisposition dictated by genes. Even though a military conflict is too complex to be triggered by nothing but an innate inclination, aggression that fuels it seems to be integral to social behavior. Therefore, war can be regarded as an inescapable part of human existence. First of all, war is an essential part of social experience, as it is provoked by inevitable clashing of interests of nations on a global level. Such conflicts arise because of a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals of hostile parties. A good example here is a ;Cold War logic; which only relatively recently stopped prevailing in international policies of the most of developed countries. It refers to the way of perceiving foreign affairs in general as a ;zero sum game;, meaning that there exist only two possibilities victory or defeat. Consequently, human society is prone to war because rival parties see alms of each other as mutually exclusive. Secondly, war often derives from peoples most Innate predisposition to survive in a world where resources are scarce. Such scarcity, has resulted in a some kind of struggle for existence leading back to the times, when ancestors of the Homo Sapiens competed with other species for food and habitat. Although nowadays people do not have to fight for such basic necessities, there always will be things considered to be rare and vital, for Instance, OLL and natural gas. Thus, It Is one of the most primitive Instincts of fighting for survival which makes one engage In warfare. Last but not least, a military conflict Is a ubiquitous phenomenon because war begets war. There can be seen a recurring pattern In the outbursts of International aggression war spreads In the manner of an Infection, reproducing Itself over and over again. Likewise, hostile attitudes and tensions soar In response to ar-like neighbors, not mentioning such catalyst of an armed conflict as retaliation and blood feuding. For that reason, the International arena Is predisposed to be a theatre of military actions. All In all, there exist a number of arguments proving that war Is an essential part of human experience. First, It Is kindled by Inevitable Incompatibility of Interests and goals. Second, the scarcity of resources has elicited war throughout the history. Third, aggression provokes aggression, repeating Itself In a vicious circle.

Law Enforcement and E-Government Transnational Issues Research Paper

Law Enforcement and E-Government Transnational Issues - Research Paper Example Authorization, nonrepudiation, and authentication constitute tools for enforcing confidentiality, availability, and integrity that system developers could employ in sustaining system security (Howard et al., 2010). This research paper discusses cybersecurity laws, regulations, and legal concepts applicable to managerial decision making concerning industry, transnational crime, and government. A. Government intervention in cybersecurity Sociopolitical based arguments for or against government involvement Given the increased global reliance on communication and information technologies along with the associated threats accruing from the reliance, the internet creates new opportunities for e-government’s public sector to better serve the public and improve efficiency. Hence, the need for government intervention towards the convergence of connectivity, globalization, and relocation of public sector tasks online. Issues that continue to challenge and thus calling for the United Sta tes’ government cybersecurity intervention include the growing integration of mobile devices technology into perilous information infrastructure. In addition, the uncertainties of cyber-attack perpetrators’ geographical location in addition to the introduction of new vulnerabilities from increasingly complicated threats to the states’ infrastructure also warrant such intervention. ... Current initiatives addressing United States’ cyber security concerns include the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI), Commission on Cybersecurity for the 44th Presidency and the Obama Administration 60-Day Cyberspace Policy Review. In addition, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) also constitutes US initiative to cybersecurity. The CNCI outlines approaches that antedate cyber technologies and threats yet to come as well as establishing strategies, guidelines and policies to secure federal systems. Besides serving as the principal national strategy document, CNCI remains as an action plan for initiatives and programs that need to be addressed both at the strategic and operational level. The initiative’s goal aims at defining the role of cybersecurity in the private industry. Organized by the CSIS, the Commission on Cybersecurity for the 44th Presidency was mandated to provide advice the 44th Presidency Administration on issues re lating to the creation and maintenance of widespread cybersecurity strategies. Among the commission’s proposed policies requiring priority, attention included modernizing legal authorities, regulating cyberspace as well as the reinvention of public-private partnership. Similarly, the Obama Administration 60-Day Cyberspace Policy Review assessed the United States’ organizational structures and policies governing cybersecurity. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) incorporates the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) responsible for coordinating information from all agencies to secure cyber systems and networks, improve situational awareness, and foster collaboration. DHS heads the coordination of cybersecurity for federal government agencies and

Parental involvement in 'homework' does it help children achieve their Essay

Parental involvement in 'homework' does it help children achieve their school based targets - Essay Example vidence shows that different elements of parents’ involvement provide a cognitively stimulating home environment which reinforces parental beliefs and aspirations (Feinstein et al. 2006: 301). The proposed project aims at producing a comprehensive and reliable research on the relationship between parental involvement in homework and its impact on pupil achievement. The investigation looks into the parent-child relationship in terms of parental support, family learning, parental involvement and parents’ level of education and pupil achievement. Parental involvement in early intervention programmes has been found to equate with better outcomes for the child. Most effective interventions involve parents in pre-school children’s cognitive development. Play and fun and scope for physical activity seem to produce most effective outcomes. Parents’ self esteem is very important in determining long term outcomes for both themselves and their children. The objective of this research project is to identify if parents that are involved in their children’s homework will promote the achievement of their school based targets. This will be accomplished by identifying the current guidelines on homework and why do parents get involved. A portion of this research will be my own analysis of my practice as a parent in the contribution of homework. A plan will be devised on how best to support a child with their homework by considering a number of strategies as suggested by Hoover-Dempsey et al (2004). To conclude the study there will be examination of literature with a personal opinion. Homework, especially for primary age pupils, has become the subject of an increasingly heated debate. There are opinions in favour as well against the practice of homework. Despite government guidelines that primary school pupils should do at least 30 minutes of homework a day, some unions and academics doubt its efficacy, and protest that the home lives of pupils are becoming increasingly

Structural Theory of Conflict Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Structural Theory of Conflict - Research Paper Example However, since the 1970s newer approaches have started to come out with new concepts of criminology. All of these approaches evolved into what is now known as left realism. The major difference which can be found between the left idealism and left realism is a moral issue which will be discovered later in this article. Traditional Marxist Theories Marx himself had very little to say about crime. He merely explained it as a product of poverty. However, there are other sociologists who have built the traditional Marxist approach to crime. There are four main areas which are discussed by the traditional Marxist approach: the manipulation of values; the process of law creation; the enforcement of law; and individual motivation. According to the Marxists society is controlled by powerful industrialists- bourgeoisie. Control is maintained in the society by means of socialization and threat. Through the process of socialization the young are taught to obey the power and value of the capital ist system. A wide range of social institutions such as the school, mass media and religion convey the message to the masses. Marxists claim that the meaning of crime depends upon the dominant social values. A very valid example would be that the murder of a person in a brawl will be counted as a severe crime but the death of a factory worker is considered an accident even though the cause of the accident might be the irresponsible attitude of the management. The problem which results from this is that the perception which is created through the sociological institutions that much of the crime is carried out by the youth, or the working class men or the black. This creates an ideology which causes the law enforcement agencies to focus more on these people and as a consequence there are more policemen in such areas. According to concepts of Marx law is created by the ruling class. The ruling class ensures that the laws not only maintain their dominance but they also provide them the freedom to carry out oppression and also preventing the working class for improving their standard of living. Marxists also argue that the law enforcement acts as a major catalyst in widening the gap between the ruling class and the working class. This is quite visible by the way that crime is handled. Street crimes are more likely to be punished more severely than white-collar crimes. This is compounded by the fact that white-collar crimes are very likely to be dealt by the firm itself by firing etc. to avoid the scandals. Apart from this the treatment of these crimes is also a question mark on the law enforcement system where street crimes might result in long jail sentences whereas corporate or white-collar crimes usually only result in heavy crimes. Two areas which are explained and discussed extensively in Marxist studies are mugging and corporate crime. When ‘mugging’ is discussed most important details are provided by Hall et al. (1979) in the book policing the C risis.’ It was in the early 1970s that mugging became the headline news in Britain. Mugging can be defined as robbery in the streets where the person is threatened or harmed. Mugging was an entirely new concept for the masses and simultaneously grabbed the focus of the news agencies who from time to time reported these crimes. This had increased such that the stat came out that it had increased by 129

Sizing up the Matter about Matters on Size Essay Example for Free

Sizing up the Matter about Matters on Size Essay The article by Roy Johnson was concerned about the sport open-wheel racing. The author noted that there are new policies regarding the weight of the vehicle, which included the weight of the driver. A lot of women are involved in such races, including those who were least expected—the modeling type of women. By being so light, there is an advantage in a race, both on and off the track. With lighter weighted drivers, it is almost expected to have the cars run faster. However, it is not just the weight that defines the speed of the driver. It also challenges the skills and knowledge of the driver about the sport. In this regard, when a model type women run through the races, and if her experience and knowledge lacks in comparison to those plus sizes, then who exactly has the greater advantage? The article also included that she is able to attain ranks in races wherein women never reached that almost equal levels with men. But after the many attempts and races she experienced, she was still lacking in excelling in this sport. In the end, does the size and gender really matter in attaining the most victorious position in any race? The first placer and grand price? Perhaps there are sports wherein people would have to accept that only men, or only women, can perfectly excel in a certain sport. I do no believe that it is being spiteful of sexes, or within sexes. Should the women really be that skeptical about their weight? With these said, he only answer that this paper could suggest is to keep in mind that sports do not only measure physical strength. It also involves skills and knowledge. Work Cited Johnson, Roy. â€Å"To the IRL, size matters. † Yahoo Sports. 28 March 2008. 11 April 2008 http://sports. yahoo. com/top/blog/roy_s_johnson/post/To-the-IRL-size-matters? urn=top,73900.

Who Needs Friends? :: Friendship Essay

How Needs Friends? As the plane taxied to the runway, I found myself sitting alone with two empty seats next to me. Oh, joy. I fluffed my pillow, retrieved my book, and stretched myself out under a blanket. All was good. If I had had any idea that the seating arrangement was to be the highlight of my trip, I might have just stayed on the airplane. In making plans for this trip, I forgot that life seldom works out according to nice and tidy plans. Life is, in fact, usually messy. The best vacations aren't always the ones really taken but are instead sometimes the ones you take only in your imagination. Judy, Lois and I met when each of our lives was in upheaval. Between us, two marriages ended in divorce, one parent died, one daughter moved across the country, one car was repossessed, one house burned down (it wasn't my fault), and one I.R.S. audit was threatening. Together we had been, if not to hell, at least to purgatory and back. Our friendship seemed solid and assured; even when after remarrying, Lois decided to move to North Carolina to be near her family, especially her daughter. This daughter, this wicked girl, waited until the U-haul pulled up, car in tow, to announce that in six months she was getting married and moving to Texas. For Judy and me, it meant a trip, an engagement not to be missed. The three of us together again was going to be grand. I could hardly wait. I imagined I'd hop on the red-eye and be in Asheville for breakfast. A reunion of unprecedented glee would ensue. After that, we would check out the wedding site, see the monuments to the city's Civil War soldiers, and check out the local watering hole. Later, there would be the meeting with the family and the fulfillment of other pleasantries. Then we would talk into the night, sipping bourbon and tittering quietly so as not to wake the household. The wedding was scheduled for Saturday morning, and I thought it could be potentially awkward for Lois. You see, Lois' first husband, Hank, the father of the bride, would be there. Lois' second husband, Henry, the man she left Hank for, would be there. Lois' third husband, Steven, the man she left Henry for, would be there, too. The only task Judy and I would have was keeping the three husbands at equal distance from each other.

In the National Gallery

In the short story In the National Gallery by Doris Lessing we follow a narrator, which gender is unknown for the reader. The story line takes place in the National Gallery – therefore the name of the short story. The narrator’s intention in the gallery is to find a picture big enough to be able to sit in the middle of the room looking at it, which is succeeded. An old man joins the narrator on the bench together with a younger man, also with the intention of looking at the picture.The old man lectures the younger man about Stubbs’ picture which shows that the old man already familiar with the picture, â€Å"How much I would have liked to know as much as he did[†¦]†(p. 2 ll. 15-16) However it does not interest the younger one, and he walks away while looking, â€Å"†¦ a bit rueful, like a pupil chidden by a teacher†(p. 2 ll. 21-22). The narrator makes up a relation between the young and the elderly man, which is shown in the following quot e, â€Å"†¦ as if saying, â€Å"Oh, let’s kiss and make up†Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 2 ll. 29). It shows how the narrator makes up an abnormal relationship between the two of them.As if they are boyfriends. It is not abnormal if they are homosexuals but the abnormal thing about the assumable relationship is the big generation gap. Another example of a big generation gap in the short story is when a group of young French girls steps into the gallery. The narrator mentions how the girls’ entrance creates a contrast to the normality in the National Gallery. In the group there is a sort of leader â€Å"a package to be admired† (p. 3 line 41-42) as the narrator says. The narrator explains to the reader how the old man on the bench is gazing intensely on the leader of the girl group.Of course the reader is not 100% reliable in the things he/she observes, but the old man’s interest in the young girl is patent in a quote, which is when the old man addresses the na rrator, â€Å"†She’s like a girl I was in love with once. (p. 3 ll. 71). He tells the narrator about how the girl from the past walked out on him, and this arouses old, hidden feelings in the old man. Throughout Doris Lessing’s In the National Gallery the reader follows the progress in the short story through a 1st person narrator. He/she acts passively and is just observing throughout the whole short story.The narrator attaches importance to the relationship between the elderly and the young man and also especially the relationship between the elderly man and the young French girl. The only time the narrator acts actively in the short story is when he/she talks to the old man about his first love that the French girl looks like. Because of the 1st person narrator the short story does not necessarily correspond with what is happening in reality. The group of girls and the two men is characters we only hear about through the narrator. It means that what the narra tor tells the reader about the characters is not necessarily true.We experiences them as the narrator do. This is show by this quote, â€Å"In the space of a moment the scene had turned ugly. †(p. ll. 24), this is just the way the narrator experiences the situation, but she/he doesn’t know how the young man and the old man is used to talk with each other and does not now their body language. It is also shown how the narrator is quick to judge in the beginning when the two men are having a discussion. He/she only hears few parts of the conversation between the two, and yet there is an immediately judgment, that the relationship between them are student and teacher, â€Å"A son?A younger brother? Certainly a pupil [†¦] (p. 1 ll. 12). However some of the comments between the two of them, as earlier mentioned creates some a kind of love affair. A 1st person narrator can never be looked at as a trustworthy narrator. Doris Lessing maybe uses this kind of narrator to ma ke her points more indirect and discreet. The short story would have been told in a whole different way, if she had used a third person omniscient point of view. With a first person narrator the reader is forced to think about what the narrator tells us if we want to get a deeper meaning of what is being told.An example of this is in the end of the short story. The group of girls is leaving the National Gallery and the narrator assumes that the old man is following them, â€Å"Slowly, he followed. Oh no, I was thinking [†¦] There was a wildness in the air, unexpressed, and raw, and dangerous. † (p. 5 ll. 151-154). What the narrator experiences in this quote do not correspond with the environment that usually is in a museum. The narrator gets carried away with his/hers lively imaginations since the narrator has these associations.On the other hand, a 1st person narrator gives a subjective, detailed description of the characters. In this short story the narrator for instan ce sympathize with the elderly man but also thinks that it is repulsive that he looks so intensely after the French girl â€Å"The man next to me was staring hard at her(p. 3 ll. 51). Because of the detailed description of the characters, the reader does not need to think about the underlying information about them. But again, a 1st person narrator is unreliable which the reader needs to be attentive about.

Benefits and Costs of Investing in China Essay

In terms of economic performance, China has been performing impressively compared to its neighbouring countries in Asia and can compete at par with top developed countries like United States and United Kingdom in terms of volume of trade and sources of competitive advantages. Likewise, due to its large population sixe and high disposable income of every Chinese household due to its impressive economic development for the past years, China offers great potential market to many multinational companies seeking for large number of customers. This will provide multinational companies high sales and profit from operating in China. Alongside with the influx of foreign direct investment in China, Chinese share of trade on their GDP continuous to increase every year as multinational firms increases the international trading transactions of China to the rest of the world. Furthermore, due to China’s large population, it has been able to offer cheaper laborers and large potential market which are both attractive to foreign investors leading to the improvement of their foreign direct investments for the past years since the late 1990’s. Without this component, it is impossible for China to attain its present state and achievements. Since 1999, the GDP growth rate of China has been performing impressively as foreign direct investments stabilized major economic indicators, specifically the trade balance and domestic consumption, which are vital in determining the overall performance of a given economy. This only suggests that China can offer high return on investments to investors in the next coming years as China’s GDP growth rate continuous to increase every year. Due to the effort of the Chinese government to attract more foreign investors into their market, it has been extensively supporting the development of its communication infrastructure by providing subsidies to telephone companies. This would soon boost the business activities all over the domestic market of China. Costs Compared to communication infrastructure, physical infrastructure of China seems to develop at a slower rate thereby could impede for the fast growth of foreign investments in China. Though the Chinese government is also on the process of improving their facilities in this area, but, overall it is still lower compared to the development of their communication facilities as mentioned above. On the communist government, one of the primary factors that scare foreign investors in putting their capitals in China due to rampant corruption and insufficient laws that would protect the interest of foreign investors. Â  Add to this the weak economic freedom, which could draw potential investors away of China if the situation continues to exist in the next coming years. Per capita GDP in urban areas are undeniably high but considering the conditions of those households from the rural areas, overall, per capita GDP of China is not in good condition as wealth distribution is still skewed towards to the households in the urban areas. Â  Another cost or disadvantage in the Chinese economy is the high inflation rate which has been one of the economic problems of China that it presently faces due to its fast-paced economic growth. This could pose either as beneficial or detrimental to foreign investors depending on the type of product they will sell in the Chinese market and the size of their operation in China. In terms of infrastructure, most of the major waterways of China are on the process of gradual formation as the Chinese government wants to utilize its waterways efficiently specially the river systems in the mainland. The Chinese government is still on the process of developing its roads and highways especially those roads that would connect different provinces to major cities. It would still take a few more years before this physical infrastructure will be fully developed. References: Bodde, Derk. Introduction. Chinese Thought, Society, and Science : The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-modern China. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1991. pp 3-4. Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei. China’s Information Revolution : Managing the Economic and Social Transformation. Herndon, VA, USA: World Bank, The, 2007. p 2.